Educational Credit Made Easy

What is a credit? Saturn uses a formula to calculate how many average hours of student effort that a lesson or course requires. Of course, effort hours differ among different students, but our calculation is a good average. The easiest way to understand the convoluted...

What is Electricity

What the EPA Says EPA’s new final rule on Carbon Pollution Emission Guidelines for Existing Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units  “Energy is transmitted, not electrons. Energy transmission is accomplished through the propagation of an...

More on Moisture and Insulation

The Experimental Findings Building Science Corporation (BSC) published a recent report that spawned a Journal of Light Construction (JLC) article called “Moisture in Fat Walls”. Two of the three walls studied are double walls with R-values in excess of...

Evaluating the Need for Supplemental Combustion Air

This post is a revised version of the last post about Evaluating Combustion Air. The changes are a result of the many discussions I had with the experts in the previous post. You know who you are. Thank you. I continue to value your suggestions. Feel free to comment...

Evaluating Combustion Air

Hey, I would really appreciate some feedback on this method of evaluating combustion air. Unnecessary Holes in the Building Contractors often cut combustion-air holes in ceilings, floors, walls, and doors without knowing whether the combustion appliance zone (CAZ)...

Helical Piers for Foundations

What is a Helical Pier? A helical pier is a pier that installers screw into the ground using a large drill motor. Helical piers work well in situations where the surface soil isn’t sufficiently supportive for a conventional foundation. When installers can reach stable...

What is a Water-Resistive Barrier (WRB)?

Builders install a variety of products on the exterior of foundations, above-grade walls, and roofs as water-resistive barriers (WRBs), required by the International Residential Code (IRC). Water-resistive barriers are also called weather-resistant barriers, but the...

Low Interest Rates Promote Energy Conservation

The Good News for Energy Conservation The time value of money has always worked against energy conservation. Traditionally a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future by a certain percent, known as the interest rate. The European Central Bank (ECB)...